IT Act cannot gag freedom of speech, rules SC

‘Curbs under Section 66A of the IT Act infringes on public right to know. Our Constitution provides for liberty of thought, expression and belief. In a democracy, these values have to be provided within the constitutiol scheme. This law is vague in its entirety’

* Section 66A of IT Act reads:

    S 66 A: Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.

    Any person who sends, by means of a computer resource or a communication device -

a)     any information that is grossly offensive or has mecing character; or

b)     any information which he knows to be false, but for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, crimil intimidation, enmity, hatred, or ill will, persistently makes by making use of such computer resource or a communication device,

c)     any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to deceive or to mislead the addressee or recipient about the origin of such messages shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two three years and with fine.

New Delhi, March 24: The Supreme Court on Tuesday quashed the much-denounced Section 66A of the Information Technology Act of 2008 after finding it violative of the freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution, triggering a frenzy of laudatory posts in the social media within minutes of the far-reaching judgment.

The apex court also read down, or found meaningless, Section 79(3)b of the act, which seeks to assign liabilities on "intermediaries" like Twitter and Facebook, for failing to remove expeditiously, while preserving the evidence of, what is considered objectioble material by the government and its agencies.

Even the Congress party, under the regime of which Section 66A was added and the Bharatiya Jata Party, which heads the present coalition government that had defended this section during the court proceedings, welcomed the verdict, unmindful of their stated positions.

The verdict, which was awaited eagerly, especially by avid users of social media, was also an opportunity for them to recollect some past cases where people were actually taken into custody using this section -- which had evoked strong condemtion for giving credence to what they considered was misuse and abuse of law.

"Section 66A of the IT Act is struck down in its entirety," said the apex court bench of Justice J. Chelameswar and Justice Rohinton Fali riman, adding that there was no nexus between public order and discussion -- or of dissemition of information causing any annoyance.

"Curbs under Section 66A of the IT Act infringes on public right to know," the court said. "Our Constitution provides for liberty of thought, expression and belief. In a democracy, these values have to be provided within the constitutiol scheme. This law is vague in its entirety."

Freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed under Article 19(1)a of the Constitution.

The people's ire was mainly because Section 66A sought imprisonment for up to three years for a person who posts information on the Web world that is found to be "grossly offensive" or has a "mecing character". It also applied where an information, known to be false, is posted for causing "annoyance, danger, obstruction or insult".

The court found no basis for arguments put forth by the government, in favour of 66A, that there was no check and balance in the internet world, unlike the "institutiol framework like pre-censorship that exists in print media, television and films".

Those at the receiving end heaved a sigh of relief, like Shajan Skariah of Kottayam, editor of an online portal against whom 22 cases were registered, or Ravi Srinivasan of Puducherry who was arrested in 2012 based on a complaint by Karti Chidambaram, son of P. Chidambaram, former fince minister in the Congress government. "Technically I am a free man now. I am very happy," said Srinivasan who is also an Aam Aadmi Party leader.

Similarly, a professor of Jadavpur University, Ambikesh Mahapatra, was arrested under this section in 2012 for e-mails mocking West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. "This will remove the fear psychosis that has been developing among a large section of internet users that they may get arrested for even innocuous of acts," Mahapatra told IANS.

The apex court, in fact, was moved in 2012 by petitioner Shreya Singhal, an astrophysicist who comes from a family of lawyers, after the arrest of two young women Shaheen Dhada and Renu Srinivasan for posting comments critical of the Mumbai shutdown after the death of Shiv Se leader Bal Thackeray.

The tiol Human Rights Commission had also found the duo's detention violative of the freedom of expression. It termed the detention of the two women illegal and had even asked the state to pay them a compensation of Rs.50,000 each.

"I'm ecstatic. It was grossly offensive to our rights, our freedom of speech and expression and today the Supreme Court has upheld that," Singhal said. "Nobody should have any fear of putting up something because of the fear going to prison."

The hearings also saw non-profit organisations like Common Cause and the People's Union for Civil Liberty besides individuals such as self-exiled Bangladeshi writer Taslima sreen joining the challenge. An earlier bench of Justice J. Chelameswar and Justice S.A. Bobde couldn't deliver a decision.