US Sheds Light on Alarming Modernisation of People’s Liberation Army

Hong Kong: There are many reasons to be concerned at the relentless progress of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), China’s party-controlled military. As well as modernising the armed forces with new and potent weapons, China is throwing its weight around in places like the South China Sea, and it is seeking to nefariously influence democracies around the world.

In short, China’s investment in its armed forces constitutes the single largest military build-up since the end of World War II. The question is, why?

Consider this, China now has more than 600 operational nuclear warheads. Its approximately 400 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) can reach the US mainland.

The PLA has the world’s leading arsenal of hypersonic missiles. The PLA has 400 marines stationed in Djibouti in the Horn of Africa. China possesses the world’s largest military force, comprising 2.035 million active, 510,000 reserve, and 500,000 paramilitary troops.

Such facts make grim reading. Again, the question needs to be asked why China is prioritising its military growth even while its economy stumbles? All these details, and many more, were revealed in a new report issued by the US Department of Defence (DoD) on 18 December.

The report, entitled “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2024,” is submitted annually to the US Congress, and this was the 24th edition. The report covers developments only through to the beginning of 2024, so it does not mention such activities as China’s test flight of an ICBM across the South Pacific, which splashed down near New Caledonia.

The DoD summarised: “In 2023 the PRC continued its efforts to form the PLA into an increasingly capable instrument of national power. Throughout the year, the PLA adopted more coercive actions in the Indo-Pacific region while accelerating its development of capabilities and concepts to strengthen the PRC’s ability to ‘fight and win wars’ against a ‘strong enemy,’ counter an intervention by a third party in a conflict along the PRC’s periphery, and project power globally.”

Of course, this is Chinese-speak for enhancing the PLA’s ability to fight and defeat the US, the world’s preeminent military power, and to dissuade or prevent an American intervention in Chinese operations against Taiwan. This is the ultimate reason why Chairman Xi Jinping continues to pour resources into the PLA.

The Pentagon estimates that China’s actual defence budget is USD 330-450 billion, which is considerably more than China admits to officially—USD 231 billion for 2024. Additional funds come from the fact that China is the world’s fourth-largest arms supplier too.

Missiles are one of the PLA’s strengths, and nuclear weapons are managed by the PLA Rocket Force (PLARF). Last year’s report tabulated 500 operational nuclear warheads, but that had increased to 600+ within a year. By 2030, the PLARF will have a predicted 1,000 nuclear warheads, with more to come after that. China is in the vanguard of technological advancements, with strategic hypersonic glide vehicles under development, plus a fractional orbital bombardment system was demonstrated in 2021.

The report confirmed three new missile silo fields deep inside China that contain 320 silos for ICBMs, plus China is likely doubling DF-5 liquid-propellant ICBM numbers to 50 silos. The DoD expects the DF-41 ICBM (containing up to three warheads each) to be deployed in silos and on railways, in addition to known road-mobile launchers. China also test-launched two DF-31AG ICBMs from training silos last year. China is nowadays keeping some nuclear forces on heightened alert for an early-warning counterstrike posture, what Washington calls “launch on warning.”

Significantly, Russia is supporting China’s rapid nuclear-arsenal expansion by providing highly enriched uranium nuclear fuel assemblies to China’s two CFR-600 fast breeder reactors, one of which has already been commissioned. In fact, China has received from Moscow an amount of highly enriched uranium that exceeds the entire amount removed worldwide under US and International Atomic Energy Agency auspices in the last three decades. And China still accuses the USA of a Cold War mentality?

All this demonstrates how Xi is strengthening military options on the escalatory ladder; indeed, deterring the USA is the ultimate goal. The report noted, “The expanding nuclear force will enable it to target more US cities, military facilities, and leadership sites than ever before in a potential nuclear conflict.”

This can be the only explanation for Xi’s dramatic buildup of nuclear weapons. The PLARF has now deployed its 5,000-8,000 km-range DF-27 intermediate-range ballistic missile, which presumably has a hypersonic glide vehicle payload option as well as conventional land-attack, anti-ship, and nuclear capabilities. The DF-27’s potential targets include Guam, Alaska, and Hawaii. (ANI)

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