Editorial

Bridging digital gender gap

The digital transformation in all spheres of life has accelerated the development process.

Sentinel Digital Desk

The digital transformation in all spheres of life has accelerated the development process. Apart from closing the digital divide on the rural-urban landscape, gender parity in digital access is crucial for inclusive development and ensuring that women and girls get their due space to contribute to the economic transformation and not just remain passive beneficiaries. With more women in low- and middle-income households using mobile internet in the country, the digital gender gap is narrowing in the country. The Northeast region presents an encouraging scenario, with the average of women having mobile internet access being higher than the national average, which is reflective of efforts by the governments in the states to bridge the digital divide and the high social status enjoyed by women among indigenous communities in the region. Sustaining the momentum is crucial to bring complete gender parity in the digital landscape. The progress has been spectacular over the past decade. Driven by various schemes of the government as part Digital India initiative and the states prioritising women's empowerment through various social welfare schemes, more women across the country are now using mobile internet to avail the benefits. Direct Benefit Transfer is a key driver in digital inclusion, with bank accounts of beneficiaries linked to phone banking bringing the opportunity for women to not only get introduced to banking transactions but also access banking services from home or on the go. Rural women have learnt the importance of CIBIL scores and make efforts to improve it by focusing on income-generating activities to repay loans and interest on time to improve creditworthiness. Easier access to the formal credit market through the internet and phone banking has empowered the women to dream bigger and expand their income-generating activities. A study conducted by the Internet & Mobile Association of India found that in 2015 there are 71% male Internet users and 29% female Internet users in India, and the ratio of male to female in urban India is 62:38 and that in rural India is 88:12. The report also highlights that among female Internet users, the highest growth has been among the no-working women, school-going girls and college-going girls. In 2023, the mobile internet users among women in India account for about 46% of the total, which is indicative of the substantial increase since 2015, narrowing the gender gap. Rising popularity of Unified Payment Interface (UPI) among women has led to an increase in mobile internet among them. Women street vendors, small business owners, weavers, and traders in the region and across the country now prefer the UPI payment ecosystem, as it reduces their worries of handling cash and frequent visits to the brick-and-mortar bank branches for depositing and withdrawing cash. Digital and internet access in the region play a crucial role in advancing the goals of financial inclusion in the region, as more and more areas in the hilly and mountainous areas now have access to mobile phones and internet facilities. Due to low density in population in the hill states in the region or hill districts of Assam, establishing adequate bank branches closer to account holders is not feasible. Digital access provides a viable alternative through internet banking. Women getting access to high-speed internet at affordable prices in all areas of the region and more particularly in far-flung and remote areas along the international borders is crucial to further narrow the digital gap between men and women. Spreading the success stories of women-headed Startups and business ventures scripted through leveraging internet access, UPI ecosystems, and online marketing can encourage more women in the region to make judicious use of their digital access, not merely utilising it to check bank account updates on the crediting of cash payouts under various central and state government schemes. Access to technology always comes with multiple challenges. Internet access and digital banking have also brought the problems of cybercrime and digital banking fraud, with cybercriminals abusing the technology to dupe people. Raising awareness on safe internet use and the various modus operandi of cybercriminals is essential to protect them from cybercrimes and banking frauds. Women self-help groups, women collectives, women organisations, traditional institutions, and women elected representatives in local bodies can play a vital role in coordinating with law enforcement agencies, banks and financial institutions to periodically organise awareness on safe internet use and financial inclusion. Official data highlights that women own 39.2% of all bank accounts and contribute to 39.7% of total deposits, and in rural areas, where they account for 42.2% of account holders. The figures highlight that there is still a long way to go to bridge gender parity in digital access. Expanding the coverage of the DBT process through more women-centred welfare measures where the cash component is directly transferred. Easier digital access for women will also bridge the gender gap in financial inclusion.