Rajbir Saha
rajbirsaha1995@gmail.com
The United Nation's Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 report projected that ocean levels might rise by 18 to 59 cm by 2099. Studies of glacial melts in Greenland and Antarctica continent had raised fears that rise in ocean levels may well be abundant over that indicated in IPCC's 2007 report. Since 1870, the international water level has been up by concerning 20 cm at a median rate of 1.7 mm/year. However, in recent decades, the speed has been up sharply to 2.5 mm/year, in keeping with the newest figures. The increase in water level is especially a result of thermal growth of the ocean because of heating, likewise as augmented water inflows from melting glaciers and ice caps. As a result, global climate change is quick springing up to be an enormous challenge for megacities. Several of the world's largest and fastest-growing cities area units placed on the coast and so at the risk of lowland rice. Coastal megacities area unit exposed to a lot of frequent severe windstorms; the serious rains usually end in intense, and typically fatal, flash floods, waterborne and vector-borne infectious diseases area unit powerfully influenced by weather conditions and several other area units common inside cities. A lot of speculations, international environmental changes might favour the emergence of the latest infectious diseases, which can unfold quicker inside and between cities because of travel links and better rates of person-to-person contact. The length of the coastline together with the coastlines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands within the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands within the Arabian sea is 7517 km. The coastline length of Indian dry land is 6100 km. The coastline of Indian dry land is enclosed by sea within the west, the Bay of Bengal within the east and the Indian Ocean within the south. The mega-cities like urban centres, metropolis area units are particularly susceptible to bear the force of global climate change. A study entitled "Climate modification and its economic impact on urban centre" conducted by the urban centre workplace of National Environmental Engineering analysis Institute (NEERI) commented that Mumbai, the monetary capital of the country, might face damages value Rs 35,00,000 crore by 2050 thanks to global climate change. Between 1901 and 2007, it registered a mean temperature rise of 1.62°C. The sea level around the island town is rising by 2.4 mm every year. Along they might unleash a series of disasters like flash floods, illness outbreaks, building collapses, dislocation and death. High temperatures and a moisture-laden atmosphere would result in high humidity, increasing the prevalence of vector-borne diseases. By 2050, respiratory organ diseases like respiratory disorder and numerous allergies, related to the ascension of fungi like genus Aspergillus and Alternaria, would be common. There would be an accumulative loss of financial gain because of a surge in diseases like protozoal infection, diarrhoea and zoonosis. An increase in the incidence of protozoal infection, diarrhoea and zoonosis would end in loss of financial gain because of non-working days and deaths. Losses are computed mistreatment disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for all the foremost diseases probably to impact the population. Incidence of these diseases can increase steadily with an increase in financial gain loss; a pointy increase is probably going from 2045 to 2055. By 2050 the accumulative financial gain loss because of protozoal infection, diarrhoea and zoonosis, calculated on the premise of DALYs, would be one hundred fifty-five, 597 and 2401 crores, severally. The calculation of DALYs relies on the planet Health Organization (WHO) pointers and financial gain levels rife in urban centres.
A recently free World Wide Fund (WWF) for Nature report titled "Mega-Stress for Mega-Cities: A Climate Vulnerability Ranking of Major Coastal Cities in Asia" focuses on eleven key Asian cities possibly to be plagued by temperature change. These cities are Dhaka (Bangladesh), Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Calcutta (India), Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), Shanghai (China), Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong (China), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), and Singapore. Calcutta contains a high overall vulnerability score of 7/10. On environmental exposure, it scores half a dozen, with the threat from water level rise being a dangerous eight and flooding/drought being seven. Its ability to adapt is additionally rated as low. Being settled on the banks of the Hooghly stream, and at intervals the Ganges delta, the city is vulnerable as it is solely metered on top of current sea levels. As it expanded, it reclaimed important amounts of encompassing soil. Consequently, the town sits on deposit deposits and is at intervals a substantial unstable zone. It's so susceptible to earthquakes. As per the report, Calcutta has seen a rise in temperature of around 0.68°C over the last century. Annual mean temperatures are higher once the monsoon and through winter, will increase in water level among ground subsidence are the largest threat to the town, says the report. A one-meter rise in water level may doubtless inundate 5,763 km in pan India. Additionally to water level rise, ground subsidence of zero. 6 to 1.9 metric linear units each year is adding to the chance within the Ganges delta. Due to the combined effects of water level rise and subsidence, the Ganges delta can seemingly see saltwater intrude 100 km from the coast, greatly impacting water provides. Combining the results of saltwater intrusion, the development of water in and around the city has crystal rectifier to a drop by its level, resulting in more intrusion of brine, so creating the subterranean water saline. Droughts are a lot frequent within the previous few decades and are projected to urge worse, which can cause even a lot of saltwater intrusion and so deteriorate surface water and water quality. India might reach a state of severe water shortage and stress before 2025, once the water convenience per capita is projected to drop below 1,000 metres each year, compared to the extent of 1,820 metres each year in 2001. Specific health vulnerabilities vary from heat waves and air-pollution impacts to lowland rise and storms in coastal cities and rising infectious diseases. Temperature change has brought further attention to urban coming up with and technological selections within the energy and transport sectors, providing a chance for bigger engagement by the health sector. Planners in developing countries even have the good thing about the rising understanding of however various systems in developed countries have compact health and also the setting. Advances in assessment ways are required, however, to form higher linkages between environmental concerns and concrete health and health equity.