Mowsam Hazarika
(mowsam2000@yahoo.co.in)
The National Farmers Day, celebrated every year on December 23, stands as a solemn reminder of the invaluable contributions of Indian farmers to the nation. Commemorated on the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, the fifth Prime Minister of India and a tireless advocate for farmers’ rights, the day emphasizes the critical role of agriculture in shaping the country’s economy, culture, and social fabric. It is a time to not only honour the toiling hands that feed the nation but also to reflect on the challenges they face and the transformative solutions needed to empower them.
Assam, a state blessed with fertile lands, ample rainfall, and a rich tradition of agriculture, is a microcosm of India’s agrarian heritage. Over half of Assam’s population is engaged in farming, making agriculture the primary source of livelihood in the state. Its vast alluvial plains, fed by the mighty Brahmaputra and its tributaries, are conducive to the cultivation of a variety of crops. Rice, often referred to as the staple food of Assam, is the most significant crop, with the state producing a wide range of indigenous varieties like Joha and Bora rice, celebrated for their aroma and quality.
However, Assam’s agricultural significance extends far beyond rice. The state is globally renowned for its tea, which has become a symbol of India’s agricultural prowess. Assam tea, grown in the lush plantations across the state, accounts for over 50% of India’s tea production and is highly sought after in international markets. The cultivation of tea not only contributes substantially to the state’s economy but also provides employment to millions, particularly women, who form the backbone of this industry. In addition, the state produces jute, sugarcane, mustard, and a variety of fruits and vegetables, underscoring the diversity of its agricultural base.
While National Farmers Day is a day of celebration, it is also an occasion to address the pressing challenges faced by farmers in Assam and across the nation. Climate change, for instance, has emerged as a major concern. Assam’s farmers are particularly vulnerable to the impact of erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and recurring floods. Annual floods caused by the Brahmaputra and its tributaries wreak havoc on the state’s farmlands, submerging thousands of hectares, destroying crops, and displacing farming communities. These natural disasters not only lead to financial losses but also push many small and marginal farmers into cycles of debt.
The situation is further compounded by the lack of adequate infrastructure. Despite its agricultural potential, Assam lags in terms of irrigation facilities, cold storage units, and access to modern farming equipment. Most farmers continue to rely on traditional methods of farming, which, though sustainable, often limit productivity. The absence of proper market linkages and fair pricing mechanisms adds to their woes, forcing them to sell their produce at low rates and limiting their earnings.
However, amidst these challenges, there are glimmers of hope. The government has introduced several initiatives aimed at improving the condition of farmers in Assam. Schemes such as the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN), which provides direct income support to farmers, and the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), which offers crop insurance against natural calamities, have been instrumental in providing some relief.
The state has also made strides in promoting organic farming, which has gained significant momentum in recent years. Assam’s organic produce, particularly its spices, fruits, and vegetables, is highly sought after in both domestic and international markets. The cultivation of organic ginger, turmeric, and Assam lemons has not only enhanced farmers’ incomes but has also positioned the state as a leader in sustainable agriculture.
Moreover, the role of technology in transforming agriculture cannot be understated. In Assam, the younger generation of farmers is increasingly embracing agri-tech solutions, such as mobile applications for weather forecasting, market price updates, and pest management. These innovations are empowering farmers with real-time information, enabling them to make informed decisions and improve productivity.
Beyond technological advancements, the rich agricultural heritage of Assam offers lessons in resilience and sustainability. Traditional practices such as the cultivation of deep-water rice varieties, which can withstand flooding, and the adoption of community-based water management systems in hill areas reflect the ingenuity of Assam’s farmers in adapting to challenging environments. These practices not only ensure food security but also preserve the ecological balance, underscoring the importance of traditional knowledge in modern agriculture.
National Farmers Day is also a time to celebrate the cultural significance of agriculture in Assam. Festivals like Bihu, which marks the beginning of the agricultural season, highlight the close relationship between farming and the state’s cultural identity. Bihu songs and dances, performed to honour the land and express gratitude for a bountiful harvest, serve as a reminder of the deep-rooted connection between the people of Assam and their agricultural heritage.
However, honouring farmers goes beyond celebrations and cknowledgments. It requires a concerted effort to address their challenges and ensure their well-being. Strengthening agricultural infrastructure, improving market access, and providing affordable credit are essential steps in this direction. Additionally, policies that promote climate-resilient agriculture, encourage crop diversification, and support smallholder farmers can go a long way in fostering a sustainable and equitable agricultural sector.
For Assam, the path forward lies in leveraging its unique strengths while addressing its vulnerabilities. The state’s potential as an agricultural hub can be unlocked by focusing on value addition, such as processing and packaging agricultural produce, to enhance its marketability. Encouraging farmer-producer organizations (FPOs) and cooperatives can also empower farmers by giving them greater bargaining power and reducing their dependence on intermediaries.
As we observe National Farmers Day, let us reaffirm our commitment to the farmers of Assam and India. Their hard work and dedication not only sustain the nation but also preserve its cultural and environmental heritage. By supporting them in overcoming challenges and celebrating their achievements, we can build a future where agriculture thrives as a pillar of prosperity and sustainability. In doing so, we honour the spirit of Chaudhary Charan Singh, whose vision for an empowered agrarian community continues to inspire the nation.
Let this day serve as a call to action for policymakers, agricultural scientists, and citizens alike to work together in creating an environment where farmers are respected, supported, and celebrated as the true custodians of our land and life. It is through their hands that the nation is fed, and it is through our collective efforts that their futures can be secured.