SHILLONG: In the misty hills of Meghalaya, a spice deeply rooted in local traditions has unveiled its true identity. Farmers, for generations, believed they were cultivating Piper Longum (long pepper). However, meticulous research by the ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) has confirmed that this is no ordinary pepper—it’s a new species, aptly named Piper Peepuloides.
A Discovery in the Highlands
In December 2023, IISR researchers ventured into the pepper-rich villages of Kynrang, Pyndenwar, and Mawpud. Unlike the upright, bushy form of Piper Longum, this pepper species boasts climbing vines, distinctive leaves, and unique fruiting patterns.
Rigorous testing, including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), revealed that this was an entirely different species, now recognized as Piper Peepuloides.
The Chemical Treasure Within
Beyond its distinct appearance, Piper Peepuloides stands out for its complex chemical profile. While the familiar long pepper is known for its piperine content, this wild variety is rich in compounds like copaene, beta-caryophyllene, and beta--sesquiphellandrane.
These compounds, celebrated for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and medicinal properties, highlights the immense therapeutic potential of PiperPeepuloides.
A Spice with Deep Roots
Locally known as “wild pepper,” this spice has been an integral part of Khasi and Jaintia traditional medicine, used for treating ailments like severe cough and leprosy. It is already a sought-after commodity in regional markets, fetching a premium price of Rs. 800 per kilogram. Experts believe that securing a Geographical Indication (GI) tag for Piper Peepuloides could elevate its status globally, transforming it into a high-value export.
Empowering Meghalaya’s Farmers
The Meghalaya Farmers’ (Empowerment) Commission (MFEC), which initiated this study, has been instrumental in promoting the crop. Since 2021, MFEC has collaborated with local research stations and farmers to develop cultivation packages, establish nurseries, and train over 100 farmers.
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